الثلاثاء، 28 فبراير 2012

Heritage of Egypt

Heritage of Egypt


123Independenceday » Egypt » Heritage
Egypt, covering an area of about 1,001,450 sq km , is famous for its ancient civilizations and also some of the earliest and most famous monuments of the world. For tourists coming to visit Egypt, there are innumerable places of interest which are capable of holding every tourist spellbound. Today, Egypt is broadly regarded as the main political and cultural centre of the Arab World and Middle East.
The world famous World Heritage list in Egypt consists of the following:
•  Abu Mena
•  Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis
•  Islamic Cairo
•  Memphis and its Necropolis – the Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dahshur
•  Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae
•  Saint Catherine Area
•  Wadi Al-Hitan (Whale Valley)
Abu Mena- Abu Mena is one of the oldest Christian sites in Egypt is about 45 km south-west of Alexandria. Its church, baptistry, basilicas, monasteries, houses, public buildings, streets, and workshops were all built over the tomb of the martyr Menas of Alexandria, who died in A.D. 296. The site was placed on the UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) World Heritage List in 1979.


Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis- Located about 800 km south of the Mediterranean, on the east bank of the Nile River, this site was placed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1979. During the period of the Middle and New Kingdoms, Thebes, the city of the god Amon, was the capital of Egypt. With its temples and palaces at Karnak and Luxor, and the necropolises of the Valley of the Kings and the Valley of the Queens, Thebes is striking evidence to Egyptian civilization at its height.
Islamic Cairo- A part of central Cairo and overlooked by the Cairo castle lies one of the world's oldest Islamic cities, with its famous mosques, hammams, madrasas, and fountains. Reaching its golden age in the 14th century, it became the new centre of the Islamic world. Founded in the 10th century, it's frequently visited by tourists because of its high proportion of historically important. Islamic Cairo came under the World Heritage List in 1979.
Memphis and its Necropolis– the Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dahshur- One of the ancient Seven Wonders of the World and the capital of the Old Kingdom of Egypt it has some of the extraordinary funerary monuments, including rock tombs, temples, pyramids and ornate mastabas. These ancient sites in the Memphis area, Giza, plus those at Saqqara, Dahshur, Abu Ruwaysh, and Abusir, were collectively declared a World Heritage Site in 1979.
Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae- Situated in the southern Egypt on the western bank of Lake Nasser about 290 km southwest of Aswan, this exceptional archaeological area contains magnificent monuments such as the Temples of Ramses II at Abu Simbel and the Sanctuary of Isis at Philae. An International Campaign was launched by the UNESCO in 1960 to 1980, to save the place from the rising waters of the Nile. Now it is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site known as the “Nubian Monuments”.
Saint Catherine Area- Located on the Sinai Peninsula at the mouth of an inaccessible gorge at the foot of Mount Sinai in Egypt, is one of the oldest continuously running Christian monasteries of the world. This Orthodox Monastery stands at the foot of Mount Horeb, where the Old Testament records, Moses received the Tablets of the Law. The mountain valued by Muslims as Jebel Musa and the entire area is sacred to three world religions, the Christianity, Islam, and Judaism.
Wadi Al-Hitan (Whale Valley)- Wadi Al-Hitan, Whale Valley, in the Western Desert is a Palaontological site in the Al Fayyum Governorate of Egypt. It was designated as UNESCO's World Heritage Site in July 2005 for its hundreds of fossils of some of the earliest whale forms, the archaeoceti.
For more information on the heritage sites of Egypt, keep browsing 123independenceday.com

Economy, Egypt

Economy, Egypt


123Independenceday » Egypt » Economy
Occupying the north-east corner of the African continent, Egypt is bisected by the highly fertile Nile Valley, where most economic goings-on take place. The Egyptian economy mainly depends on agriculture, media, petroleum exports, textiles and tourism. The completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 and the resulting Lake Nasser have altered the age-old place of the Nile River in the agriculture and ecology of Egypt. It's abhorrently overpopulated, and there is neither sufficient agricultural land, nor water resources to uphold the ever increasing population currently estimated at about 70 million, which persist to overtax resources and stress the economy.

A chain of International Monetary Fund arrangements, together with massive external debt relief resulting from Egypt's involvement in the Gulf War alliance, helped Egypt improve its macro-economic performance during the 1990s. Egypt is mainly dependent upon foreign aid, and remittances from citizens working abroad in oil-rich countries. There are more than 3 million Egyptians working abroad, mainly in Saudi Arabia, the Persian Gulf and Europe.



Egypt's effort to industrialize the country started in the 19th century, under Muhammed Ali, the then ruler. Though machines and technology were imported, often at a high cost, local industries gradually developed and by World War 1, textile industries had gained a strong foothold. At present, Egypt's industries include the production of cement, iron and steel, chemicals, fertilizers, tobacco, canned foods, rubber products, refined sugar, cottonseed oil, small metal products, shoes and furniture. Mining has also emerged as a vital industry in the last 20 years with products like crude petroleum, salt, phosphate, iron and manganese.

In the last 30 years a lot of reformation has been made to the highly centralized economy inherited from President Nasser. Though the rate of structural reforms, for instance privatization and new business legislation, has been slower than the IMF envisioned, Egypt's steps toward a more market-oriented economy have encouraged increased foreign investment. It has made substantial progress in growing its legal, tax and investment infrastructure. In 2005 personal, corporate tax rates and energy subsides were reduced and several enterprises privatized by Prime Minister Ahmed Nazif.

Egypt has been rated as one of the top countries in the world undertaking economic reforms by the IMF in their annual report. Some of the steps taken by the government include a dramatic slashing of customs and tariffs, a new taxation law implemented in 2005 that decreases corporate taxes from 40% to the current 20%, resulted to the stated 100% increase in tax revenue by the year 2006. Foreign Direct Investment into Egypt has also increased considerably in the past few years making Egypt the highest earner of FDI on the African continent in 2008. The stock market boomed, with the GDP rising about 5% per year in 2005-06. Even with these achievements, the government has failed to raise the standard of living for the average Egyptians, and has had to continue providing subsidies for basic necessities.


  • GDP (purchasing power parity): $328.1 billion (2006 est.)
  • GDP (official exchange rate): $84.51 billion (2006 est.)
  • GDP - real growth rate: 5.7% (2006 est.)
  • GDP - per capita (PPP): $4,200 (2006 est.)
  • GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 14.7%
    industry: 35.5%
    services: 49.8% (2006 est.)
  • Labor force: 21.8 million (2006 est.)
  • Investment (gross fixed): 19.2% of GDP (2006 est.)
  • Public debt: 102.9% of GDP (2006 est.)
  • Industrial production growth rate: 5.1% (2006 est.)
  • Exports: $24.22 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.)
  • Imports: $35.86 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.)
  • Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $26.3 billion (2006 est.)
  • Debt - external: $29.59 billion (30 June 2006 est.)
  • Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June

موقع لحجز تذاكر مصر للطيرا egypt air

موقع لحجز تذاكر مصر للطيرا egypt air
حجز,تذاكر,طيران,فنادق,حجوزات,حجز تذاكر طيران,مصر,

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله


تتشرف شركة هابي سنتر للسياحة ان تقدم اسعار تذاكر مخفضه, حجز تذاكر الطيران و حجز تذاكر مصر للطيران و بأرخص الاسعار الي جميع انحاء العالم على جميع الخطوط الجوية

كما انها تقدم ايضا برامج حج وعمره ممتازه تناسب جميع الفئات من الناحيه المادية و يمكنكم من خلالنا حجز فنادق في شرم الشيخ ودهب و الغردقة و كل المدن السياحية في مصر وذلك بأسعار رائعة و يمكننا عمل خدمات الشحن للخارج.



نتمنا لكم التوفيق ونتمني التعاون معكم في اقرب وقت ممكن
شكرا
احمد جمال


mob: 0105798984


tel: 23952690


mail: book@happycentertravel.com





حجز تذاكر مصر للطيران egypt air
تفاصيل الاعلان
حجز مصر للطيران بأرخص الاسعار 0105798984

تتشرف هابي سنتر للسياحة بتقديم ارخص الاسعار لحجز تذاكر مصر للطيران

حجز مصر للطيران بأرخص الاسعار 0105798984


حجز تذاكر مصر للطيرانegypt air

حجز مصر للطيران بأرخص الاسعار 0105798984
تفاصيل البيع و الشراء
حجز مصر للطيران بأرخص الاسعار 0105798984


حجز تذاكر مصر للطيران egypt air

تتشرف هابي سنتر للسياحة بتقديم ارخص الاسعار لحجز تذاكر مصر للطيران

The No-Obama Drama

The No-Obama Drama

The Republican campaign is compelling, but it may prove to be damaging.


We have entered a new phase, the Republican primary as John Grisham novel. Secret offshore bank accounts, broken love, the testimony of anguished ex-wives: "He wanted an open marriage." A battered old veteran emerges from the background and, in his electoral death throes, provides secret information—"I'm for Newt"—that he hopes will upend a dirty, rotten establishment. A vest-wearing choir boy turns out to have been the unknown winner of that case back in Iowa. And all this against the backdrop of a mysterious firm that moves in and destroys communities—"When Mitt Romney came to town . . ."—while its CEO pays nothing in taxes.
If you are a Republican who hates a mess, or if you are a member of that real but elusive and hydra-headed thing, the GOP establishment, you are beside yourself with anxiety and unhappiness. You think: "They're losing this thing! They're going to limp out of South Carolina, they'll limp through Florida, they're killing each other and killing the party's chances. How will they look by the fall? What are independents going to think of the guy we finally put up? We all know politics ain't beanbag, but it's not supposed to be a clown-car Indy 500 with cars hitting the wall and guys in wigs littering the track!"
There's been a lot of damage. We lose sense of it in the day to day, but in the aggregate it's going to prove considerable.

***

Rick Perry didn't have much of a following, but he had some points on the board, and a few points could make a difference. His endorsement of Newt Gingrich was timed for maximum assistance and maximum damage. As an early-afternoon story it might help diminish the impact of the revelations of Marianne Gingrich, whose testimony about her marriage to the former speaker would break on ABC that evening. Mr. Perry's words of support would follow that story on all the networks, or be twinned with it. And the endorsement was given less than 48 hours before the polls opened in South Carolina, enough time to be fresh yet fully absorbed.
Chad Crowe
Mr. Perry's speech was strong. He didn't go out wan and sad but with impact, looking as if a burden had fallen away. It was a cliché within an hour, but only because it was true: If he had talked with that kind of fluidity, conviction and sincerity throughout the campaign, he'd be getting endorsements now, not giving them.
"I ran for president because I love America," he said. "What's broken in America is not our people but our politics." Washington should be "humbler." He has never believed "the cause of conservatism" is embodied in any one person. The mission for the GOP is "not only to defeat President Obama" but to elect someone who can make the changes that are needed. "There is no viable path forward for me," but there is another candidate who is "a conservative visionary" who can "transform" our country. He'll tell Washington interests "to take a hike." He's a conservative who means it. He's Newt Gingrich.
This was a direct shot at Mr. Romney's biggest vulnerability: Deep down, conservatives are not certain he is one of them. Deep down they're not sure he has a deep down. While Mr. Perry was talking, a Rasmussen poll came out showing Mr. Gingrich in the lead in South Carolina for the first time in weeks. He had 33%, Mr. Romney 31%, Ron Paul 15% and Rick Santorum 11%.

Other polls have Mr. Romney in the lead, some solidly so. If Newt is rising, if he has real momentum, what are the reasons? One obvious answer: his strong debate Monday night. He was Good Newt—creative, bold, in command of the issues and of himself—and not Bad Newt, the whiny, slightly mad one.
An obvious reason for Mr. Romney's decline is the fallout from the attacks on Bain Capital, his old firm. Those attacks have not been ringingly answered, except by Dan Henninger in these pages. And there would be damage from the issue of Mr. Romney's personal tax returns (why didn't the Romney campaign see this coming?), the comparatively low income taxes he's apparently paid, and revelations that he has kept offshore bank accounts in the Cayman Islands. None of these issues has been answered or explained at any length, and all are good news for the Obama campaign, whose 2012 themes will center on the rich versus the rest.
It's possible that a solid week of pounding on these issues is dinging the main argument South Carolina Republicans give for supporting Romney: that he is the most electable candidate.

***

But everything shifts in this shifting race, and roughly a third of Saturday's primary voters say they're not certain how they'll vote. And so a word on the Marianne Gingrich interview. Newt hit Mr. Romney hard on Bain, which became transmuted into a question of personal character, and now he is getting hit hard by his former wife. It has long been assumed within the political-media complex that the story of his second marriage is old news, that nobody's interested. But to a lot of people—some of them evangelicals, some of them women, some of them young or newly interested in politics—it will be news. For them, the particulars of the story as she tells it have the potential to be explosive. The argument that Mrs. Gingrich already said most of it ago two years ago to Esquire is off point. She's never said it on television, at a high-stakes moment, in her own way and in her own words. That will make it more compelling and dramatic. It will make it new. It is going to have an impact.

***

We close with two thoughts, one bleak. This space has long supported the existence of the GOP debates. They've done their job of winnowing, showcasing candidates' strengths, allowing them to shine if they're capable of shining. They've toughened each candidate, preparing the winner to meet the president in the fall. He's just endured three years of constant deference and soft questions. It will be interesting to see him get in the ring on fight night with a guy who's been there for a year. But I didn't understand how valuable the debates had been until a longtime GOP operative told me her view: "Without the debates we'd have nothing but the Super PACs." Without them, most voters would have nothing but information filtered through media, and propaganda from Super PACs. This from a woman who's exactly the kind of person who contributes to Super PACs.
The bleak thought: Mr. Obama this week blocked Keystone pipeline, a decision that means tens of thousands of jobs lost, new energy possibilities rejected. It is a decision so bad, so political, that it amounts to a scandal. But it just sort of eased through the news, blurrily. All the cameras were focused on the Republicans, who were distracted by their own dramas. They did not, together, in one voice, protest, as they should have. Keystone happened while they were busy looking like the Keystone Kops.
What's happening out there on the trail is a great story. But it's not a good story. And the past few days it didn't feel like a story that was going to end well.

VayuSena Photofeature: PN Atlantique Wreckage

Photofeature: PN Atlantique Wreckage

[v1.7][12.02.2009]
Pakistan Navy Atlantique being shot down
HUD camera photo from the MiG-21 that shot down an intruding Pakistan Navy reconnaissance plane. The missile is seen rushing to the port engine of the Atlantique.
Cover of Outlook magazine showing video grab of IAF personnel salvaging the wreckage
Video grab of IAF personnel salvaging the wreckage on cover of Outlook magazine.
A group of Pakistan-based foreign military attaches in Badin August 12 inspect the site where a Pakistan naval plane crashed after being shot down by Indian jet fighters. Pakistan took the attaches to the site of the August 10 crash to try to prove its claim the plane was shot down in Pakistani territory.
REUTERS © corbis.com
Foreign diplomats view the wreckage of a Pakistan navy Atlantic patrol aircraft 12 August, 1999, in Musafirkhana, Pakistan. Military attaches from embassies of 28 countries, including the United States, Britain, Canada, Germany and France, flew to the site where the Indian fighter jets shot down a Pakistan navy aircraft 10 August.
AFP PHOTO © corbis.com
Reporters and military personnel stand by the crash site of a Pakistan's Breguet Atlantic maritime patrol aircraft near the border town of Badin, about 300 kilometers northeast of Karachi, 10 August 1999.
Two Pakistan Navy Seakings are visible in the background.
AFP PHOTO/Farroq AHMED © corbis.com
A Pakistani soldier walks near the wreckage of a Naval patrol aircraft, which was shot down by Indian jets 10 August, 1999, near Badin, some 300km (186 miles) northeast of Karachi. The Indian Air Force shot down the Breguet Atlantic maritime patrol aircraft, killing all 16 Navy personnels on board.
AFP PHOTO/Farooq AHMED © corbis.com
The wreckage of a Pakistani naval surveillance plane smolders after it was shot down August 10 by an Indian fighter jet. An Indian combat jet shot down a maritime patrol aircraft, prompting a threat of retaliation from Islamabad which said all 16 people on board were killed
Photo by Zahid Hussein © Reuters/CORBIS
Pakistani soldier, near the Indian border, looks at the wreckage of a Pakistan naval surveillance plane which was shot down August 10 by an Indian fighter. An Indian combat jet shot down the maritime patrol aircraft on Tuesday, prompting a threat of retaliation from Islamabad which said all 16 people on board were killed
Photo by Zahid Hussein © Reuters/CORBIS
Pakistani naval surveillance plane burns after it was shot down August 10 by an Indian fighter. An Indian combat jet shot down a maritime patrol aircraft, prompting a threat of retaliation from Islamabad which said all 16 people on board were killed
Photo by Zahid Hussein © Reuters/CORBIS
Pakistani troops take away a bag containing body remains of personnels killed in the naval plane downed by Indian jets near the site of wreckage in Mushafir Khana, close to the border with India, 11 August 1999. Pakistan deployed some 200 naval and army troops at the site of the wreckage to avoid the removals of plane pieces by Indian air force.
AFP PHOTO/Aamir Qureshi © corbis.com
Pakistan soldiers take control of naval plane crash site August 11. Pakisatan has placed about 200 soldiers armed with missiles around the crashed plane which was shot down by India on Tuesday killing all 16 people onboard
Photo by Zahid Hussein © Reuters/CORBIS
(Note Pakistan Army Puma helicopter)
Pakistani soliders dig in to prepare a machine-gun nest at the site August 11 where a naval plane crashed after it was hit by an Indian missile on Tuesday. Pakisatan has placed about 200 soldiers some armed with missiles around the crashed site
Photo by Zahid Hussein © Reuters/CORBIS
(This is actually a air defence position. The MMG would be positioned in the middle so that the operator can pivot around in all directions in the circular 'trench')
A Pakistan army soldier adjusts a Mistral surface-to-air missile near the site of the wreckage of a naval plane downed by Indian jets in Mushafir Khana, near the border with India, 11 August 1999. Some 200 navy and army troops were manning the area, equipped with machine guns and missiles, as charred pieces of the aircraft were scattered in marshy land over a radius of about 1.6 kilometers.
AFP PHOTO/Aamir Qureshi © corbis.com
A Pakistan army soldier takes position with a RBS-70 surface-to-air missile launcher near the site of the wreckage of a naval aircraft, which was shot down by Indian jets 10 August, in Mushafir Khana close to border with India, 11 August 1999. Pakistan has reinforced its troops deployed in the marshy border area supposedly to prevent any Indian attempts to steal debris.
AFP PHOTO/Aamir QURESHI © corbis.com
Another view of the RBS-70 position. A Pakistan Army Puma helicopter is stationary in the background.
Pakistani troops take position with LMGs and RPGs close to the site of the wreckage of a downed Pakistani naval patrol plane shot down by Indian jets in Musafir Khana, close to the Indian border, 11 August 1999. Pakistan fired at least one missile at two Indian jets trying to cross into its territory. Indian jets on 10 August shot downed Pakistan's naval plane and killed 16 personnels.
AFP PHOTO © corbis.com
Pakistani soldiers with RPG and machine guns take their positions August 11 at the site where a Pakistani naval plane was shot down by India on Tuesday. Pakistan has placed around 200 soldiers some armed with missiles at the crash site
Photo by Zahid Hussein © Reuters/CORBIS
(These guys are possibly Pakistan Navy troops. PN Lynx helicopter in the far background)
An Indian Air Force Mi-17 helicopter carring journalists returns to base after surviving a Pakistani missile attack in the Rann of Kutch near the India-Pakistan border August 11. The helicopter was attacked by a shoulder-fired surface-to-air missile during a mission to show journalists the wreckage of a Pakistani aircraft downed by Indian fighters on August 10.
REUTERS © corbis.com
Indian Air Force (IAF) spokesman R. Dhingra (C) shows documents retrieved from a French-made Breguet Atlantic marine patrol aircraft of the Pakistani Air Force that was shot down by IAF fighters 10 August, as they were displayed at the technical area of Palam airport early 11 August 1999.
AFP PHOTO/RAVEENDRAN © corbis.com
Indian Air Force (IAF) spokesman R. Dhingra shows wreckage of a French-made Breguet Atlantic marine patrol aircraft of the Pakistani Air Force that was shot down by IAF fighters 10 August, as they were displayed at the technical area of Palam airport early 11 August 1999.
AFP PHOTO / RAVEENDRAN © corbis.com
An IAF officer displays the flight check list of the Pakistani naval aircraft at New Delhi airport on August 11. India said the plane was shot down on August 10 after it intruded into its territory and refused to respond to Indian warnings near the border in Gujarat state. The wreckage was flown to the Indian capital early morning and shown to journalists.
Sunil Malhotra REUTERS © corbis.com
Indian Air Force personnel display the wreckage of a Pakistani naval aircraft at New Delhi airport August 11. India said the plane was shot down on August 10 after it intruded into its territory and refused to respond to Indian warnings near the border in Gujarat state. The wreckage was flown to the Indian capital early morning and shown to journalists.
Photo by Sunil Malhotra © Reuters/CORBIS
An IAF officer displays the flight check list and a part of the wreckage of the Pakistani naval aircraft at New Delhi airport on August 11. India said the plane was shot down on August 10 after it intruded into its territory and refused to respond to Indian warnings near the border in Gujarat state. The wreckage was flown to the Indian capital early morning and shown to journalists.
Sunil Malhotra REUTERS © corbis.com
Indian Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee views the wreckage of the Pakistani naval aircraft at his New Delhi office on August 11. India said the plane was shot down on August 10 after it intruded into its territory and refused to respond to Indian warnings near the border in Gujarat state. The wreckage was flown to the Indian capital early morning.
Photo by Sunil Malhotra © Reuters/CORBIS
Pakistani sailors carry the coffins of 16 naval personnel for mass prayers at the Mehran naval base in the port city of Karachi 12 August, 1999. Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif attended the prayers for the sixteen Pakistani naval officers and sailors who were killed when Indian fighter jets fired a missile on the Pakistani patrol aircraft 10 August.
AFP PHOTO Aamir QURESHI © corbis.com
Dignataries including Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and Pakistan Naval chief Fasih Bukhari pay their respects during mass prayers at Mehran naval base in Karachi 12 August, 1999 for the 16 naval personnel killed when their plane was shot down by India. Six officers and ten sailers were killed when Indian fighter jets fired a missile on a Pakistani patrol aircraft 10 August.
AFP PHOTO © corbis.com
Pakistan's military spokesman, Brigadier Rashid Qureshi (L), gives the media the Pakistani version of events in the southern port city of Karachi 10 August, 1999.
AFP PHOTO/Aamir QURESHI © corbis.com
Pakistan naval officer Admiral Aziz Mirza (R) briefs newsmen along with Information Minister Mushahid Hussain in Islamabad, 11 August 1999.
AFP PHOTO/Usman KHAN © corbis.com
A MiG-21Bis [C2210] of the No. 45 Flying Daggers Squadron seen in flight in this file photo. The same unit is credited with bringing down the Pakistan Navy Atlantique MPA.
Wing Commander Zaki © Bharat Rakshak
A Pakistan Navy Br1150 Atlantic [40] operated by the 29 Squadron. One such aircraft [S/N=90, C/N=33] was written off on August 10, 1999.
© Peter Steinmann

White House Denies Reports of Spy Planes Over NYC


Were secret military spy planes used to find  wannabe Times Square bomber Faisal Shahzad? No way, the White House says.
Benjamin C. Rhodes, the deputy national security adviser for strategic communications, tells The Atlantic’s Marc Ambinder that “the actions described simply did not take place.”
Not that the RC-12 signals intelligence aircraft couldn’t have been used. The planes “were tasked to help the F.B.I. intercept cell phone communications of the Beltway sniper suspects in 2002,” Ambinder notes. “RC-12s were also in the air over Salt Lake City during the Olympics.”
The Posse Comitatus Act forbids the U.S. military from operating on American soil. But the law has all sorts of caveats. The military can help law enforcement stop drug-runners. The armed services can be called in if there’s a potential nuclear, chemical, or biological “weapon of mass destruction.” And none of the restrictions apply to the Coast Guard or the National Guard.

The Nuclear Power Group provides


The Nuclear Power Group provides consulting services, strategic advisory services, and litigation support to a broad range of clients worldwide. In addition to its client-specific reports, the Group produces a comprehensive multi-client report that analyzes nuclear fuel supply prices and markets on a periodic basis. Topical areas in which the Nuclear Power Group is active include:
Nuclear Fuel Cycle Consulting (Front End)
  • Natural Uranium Concentrates
  • Uranium Conversion Services
  • Uranium Enrichment Services
  • Fuel Fabrication Services
Nuclear Fuel Cycle Consulting (Back End)
  • Spent Nuclear Fuel Management
  • High and Low Level Radioactive Waste Disposal
  • Reprocessing and Plutonium Disposition
  • Spent Nuclear Fuel Transportation
Nuclear Fuel Procurement
  • Strategic Planning and Program Design
  • Preparation of Solicitation Requests
  • Proposal Evaluation
  • Commercial Contract Review
Nuclear Fuel Supplier Analyses
  • Due Diligence
  • Production Cost Analysis
  • Commercial Viability Assessment
  • Technology Evaluation

Market Analyses and Forecasts

Nuclear Fuel Management

Domestic and International Nuclear Energy Policy Analysis

Fuel Management and Cost Accounting Software

Energy is one of the most fundamental parts of our universe.

Energy is one of the most fundamental parts of our universe.
We use energy to do work. Energy lights our cities. Energy powers our vehicles, trains, planes and rockets. Energy warms our homes, cooks our food, plays our music, gives us pictures on television. Energy powers machinery in factories and tractors on a farm.
Energy from the sun gives us light during the day. It dries our clothes when they're hanging outside on a clothes line. It helps plants grow. Energy stored in plants is eaten by animals, giving them energy. And predator animals eat their prey, which gives the predator animal energy.

Everything we do is connected to energy in one form or another.
Energy is defined as:  "the ability to do work."
When we eat, our bodies transform the energy stored in the food into energy to do work. When we run or walk, we "burn" food energy in our bodies. When we think or read or write, we are also doing work. Many times it's really hard work!
Cars, planes, light bulbs, boats and machinery also transform energy into work.
Work means moving something, lifting something, warming something, lighting something. All these are a few of the various types of work. But where does energy come from?
There are many sources of energy. In The Energy Story, we will look at the energy that makes our world work. Energy is an important part of our daily lives.
The forms of energy we will look at include:
  • Electricity
  • Biomass Energy - energy from plants
  • Geothermal Energy
  • Fossil Fuels - Coal, Oil and Natural Gas
  • Hydro Power and Ocean Energy
  • Nuclear Energy
  • Solar Energy
  • Wind Energy
  • Transportation Energy
We will also look at turbines and generators, at what electricity is, how energy is sent to users, and how we can decrease or conserve the energy we use. Finally, we'll look at the "newer" forms of energy... and take a look at energy in the future.
You can start with Chapter 1: Energy - What Is It? or you can go to any of the other chapters.

تصميم الهيدر ببرنامج الفوتوشوب

تصميم الهيدر ببرنامج الفوتوشوب


راح نصمم كل جزء بروحه علشان يكون القص سهل حتى على المبتدئين



وتكون الدروس مرتبه وسهله على الجميع



طبعا التصاميم الي في الشرح يمكن ما تعجبكم لكن الهدف منها هو الشرح وليس الابداع في


التصميم

الدرس الثالث - تصميم هيدر الستايل ببرنامج الفوتوشوب


اولاً افتح برنامج الفوتوشوب وانا استخدم برنامج فوتوشوب الاصدار cs4 او اي اصدار تحب تستخدمه





افتح عمل جديد





الدرس الثالث - تصميم هيدر الستايل ببرنامج الفوتوشوب



1- فتح عمل جديد


2- تسمية العمل وضعت اسم هيدر


3- طول وعرض التصميم



نعم قمت بتصغير العرض لاننا بحاجه الى شعار وتمدد فقط



الان نقوم بفتح لير جديد في التصميم طبقه جديده




الدرس الثالث - تصميم هيدر الستايل ببرنامج الفوتوشوب




نقوم بصبغها باي لون علشان نعمل عليها تاثير ستايل




الدرس الثالث - تصميم هيدر الستايل ببرنامج الفوتوشوب





الان نقوم بتاثير نبي نسوي خلفيه للهيدر الخاص بنا




نجعل الماوس على الطبقه الجديده




ثم نضعط كما هو موضح بالصوره




الدرس الثالث - تصميم هيدر الستايل ببرنامج الفوتوشوب





الدرس الثالث - تصميم هيدر الستايل ببرنامج الفوتوشوب







الدرس الثالث - تصميم هيدر الستايل ببرنامج الفوتوشوب


الدرس الثالث - تصميم هيدر الستايل ببرنامج الفوتوشوب


نقوم الان باضافة بعض الصور في التصميم




نقوم بوضع



اي صورة او شعار


او ايقونات



سوف اقوم بقص بعض الصور واضافة بعض الفرش والايقونات



اولا شي قمت باضافة فرش للهيدر





الدرس الثالث - تصميم هيدر الستايل ببرنامج الفوتوشوب


الدرس الثالث - تصميم هيدر الستايل ببرنامج الفوتوشوب


الان اقوم بقص اي صوره ووضعها في التصميم





الدرس الثالث - تصميم هيدر الستايل ببرنامج الفوتوشوب


الدرس الثالث - تصميم هيدر الستايل ببرنامج الفوتوشوب


اضيف بعض الايقونات على الصورة لتكون بشكل جميل ومميز





الدرس الثالث - تصميم هيدر الستايل ببرنامج الفوتوشوب




الان نقوم بفتح طبقه جديده ونقوم بوضع مستطيل في اعلى الهيدر



و نصبغة بلون الاسود



كخلفيه للكلام الموجود في اعلى الهيدر



لا تنسى ان تخفف نسبة شفافية الطبقه



كما هو موضح في الصوره




الدرس الثالث - تصميم هيدر الستايل ببرنامج الفوتوشوب



الدرس الثالث - تصميم هيدر الستايل ببرنامج الفوتوشوب


الان نقوم بقص شعار الموقع + الخلفية




الدرس الثالث - تصميم هيدر الستايل ببرنامج الفوتوشوب


الدرس الثالث - تصميم هيدر الستايل ببرنامج الفوتوشوب


قم بقص الصوره الى جزئين شعار الموقع + خلفيه للهيدر



يفضل تكبير الصوره لكي تقوم بالقص بطريقة صحيحه



كما في الصوره التاليه




الدرس الثالث - تصميم هيدر الستايل ببرنامج الفوتوشوب


الدرس الثالث - تصميم هيدر الستايل ببرنامج الفوتوشوب


الان نقوم بحقظ الصور بعد القص




الدرس الثالث - تصميم هيدر الستايل ببرنامج الفوتوشوب






الدرس الثالث - تصميم هيدر الستايل ببرنامج الفوتوشوب




احفظ التصميم


الدرس الثالث - تصميم هيدر الستايل ببرنامج الفوتوشوب



نقوم برفع الصور الى المجلد الخاص بالستايل





الدرس الثالث - تصميم هيدر الستايل ببرنامج الفوتوشوب






الدرس الثالث - تصميم هيدر الستايل ببرنامج الفوتوشوب





نقوم باعادة تسمية الصور حتى نتمكن من معرفتها اثناء التركيب

جميع المواد الواردة في هذا الموقع حقوقها محفوظة لذى ناشريها ،ممنوع النقل بدون تصريح أو ذكر للمصدر . Privacy-Policy | إتفاقية الإستخدام

إن جميع المواد الموجودة في الموقع تعبر عن آراء كتابها ولاتعبر عن رأي الموقع لذلك لايتحمل الموقع أي مسؤوليات تجاهها

هذا قالب المهندس عبدالرحمن احمد وهذه حقوق ملكية فكرية